Onfalocele y gastrosquisis: diferencias embriológicas e impacto en el pronóstico neonatal

Omphalocele and gastroschisis are congenital abdominal wall defects that share visceral herniation but differ in origin and course. The study therefore aimed to analyse the embryological differences between omphalocele and gastroschisis and their impact on neonatal prognosis. A narrative review was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and SciELO, with a sample of nine indexed publications. Omphalocele results from persistence of the physiological midgut herniation, is covered by a membrane and is associated with anomalies in more than half of cases, whereas gastroschisis is an uncovered paraumbilical defect, usually isolated, with survival above 90%. It was concluded that prognosis depends on associated anomalies, intestinal involvement and timely prenatal diagnosis.