Biomarcadores renales en la lesión renal aguda: evidencia actual y aplicaciones clínicas

Acute kidney injury is diagnosed through serum creatinine and urine output, markers that rise late and are influenced by extrarenal factors. The study therefore aimed to analyse recent scientific evidence on the use of renal biomarkers in the early diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis of acute kidney injury. A descriptive review was conducted in PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, SciELO and Google Scholar, with a sample of 28 studies out of 186 records. Tubular damage, function and cell stress biomarkers detected injury before creatinine, identified subclinical forms and predicted persistence, renal replacement therapy and mortality, performing better in combined panels. It was concluded that their integration with traditional criteria favours a predictive and preventive approach.