Manejo quirúrgico del trauma abdominal cerrado: revisión de protocolos y actualización basada en evidencia

Blunt abdominal trauma is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in polytrauma patients, and its management has evolved towards selective strategies. The study therefore aimed to review current protocols and update the surgical management of blunt abdominal trauma in adults based on recent evidence. A systematic literature review was conducted in Springer Link, PubMed, ScienceDirect, BVS, Cochrane and Google Scholar, with a sample of 19 studies published mainly between 2021 and 2025. Non-operative management achieved success rates of 85% to 99% for solid organ injuries in stable patients, negative laparotomy increased mortality, and laparoscopy reduced reinterventions and length of stay in selected patients. It was concluded that management should be stepwise and guided by haemodynamic stability and computed tomography.