Avances en el manejo de la cardiopatía congénita en neonatos

Congenital heart disease affects about 1% of newborns and is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality because of its potential haemodynamic compromise. The study therefore aimed to analyse advances in the diagnosis and in the medical, surgical and interventional treatment of congenital heart disease in neonates and their applicability in settings such as Ecuador. A systematised literature review was conducted in PubMed, SciELO and ScienceDirect of publications from 2020 to 2025, prioritising systematic reviews, clinical trials, guidelines and multicentre studies. Fetal echocardiography and magnetic resonance, pulse oximetry screening, prostaglandins, interventional cardiology, early surgery and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation have improved survival, although inequalities in access persist. It was concluded that a multidisciplinary approach and the strengthening of referral centres are priorities in Ecuador.