Vertical transmission of arboviruses: Clinical and epidemiological implications in brazil

Arboviruses constitute an important public health problem in Brazil, especially due to the simultaneous circulation of different viruses and the potential for vertical transmission, with maternal, fetal, and neonatal repercussions. This study aims to analyze the clinical and epidemiological implications of vertical transmission of the main arboviruses in Brazil, with emphasis on Zika, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Oropouche viruses. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted according to PRISMA recommendations, through searches in the SciELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, and LILACS databases, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. Evidence regarding transmission mechanisms, clinical manifestations, maternal-fetal outcomes, epidemiological aspects, and prevention and care strategies was analyzed. It was observed that Zika has a consolidated association with Congenital Zika Syndrome, whereas Dengue and Chikungunya have greater relevance of transmission near delivery. For Oropouche, recent evidence suggests potential placental and fetal infection, although further studies are needed. It is concluded that vertical transmission of arboviruses represents a relevant challenge to maternal and child health, reinforcing the need for epidemiological surveillance, early diagnosis, prenatal care, and prevention and care strategies.