Beyond Protein Restriction: Comparative eADI-17-Estimated Anti-Inflammatory Profiles of Four Renal Diets

Background/Objectives: Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression and cardiovascular complications. Although nutritional therapy is central to CKD management, the estimated anti-inflammatory profiles of renal diets remain poorly characterized.

Methods

We analyzed 40 daily menus with broadly comparable, although not identical, energy content (10 per dietary pattern): Mediterranean renal diet (MedRen; 0.8 g protein/kg), vegan diet (0.7 g/kg), conventional low-protein diet (LPD; 0.6 g/kg), and supplemented very-low-protein diet (sVLPD; 0.3 g/kg). Dietary anti-inflammatory potential was estimated using the 17-component empirical Anti-inflammatory Diet Index (eADI-17), with higher scores indicating a more favorable profile. Groups were compared using exploratory non-parametric tests with multiple-comparison correction; nutrient associations were assessed using Spearman correlations with false-discovery-rate correction.