DietaryMineral Density and Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Global and Sex-Specific Associations in the BioICOPER Study

Background/Objectives: The role of routine dietary mineral intake in the clinical expression of long COVID is poorly studied. The association between the energy-adjusted dietary density of nine minerals and 16 clinical outcomes was analyzed, exploring differences according to sex.

Methods

Cross-sectional study in 290 participants of the BioICOPER study (93 men and 197 women). Intake was estimated with a validated seven-day record; calcium, iron, iodine, magnesium, zinc, selenium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus were expressed per 1000 kcal. Spearman correlations were performed with Benjamini–Hochberg correction (FDR), multivariable linear regression, bootstrap with 5000 resamplings and analysis by sex.