Journal of Personalized Medicine
Heterogeneous Patterns of Wearing-Off in Parkinson’s Disease
By Gabriella K. Guerra, Shermyn Neo, Maryam S. Mirian and 7 others.
Abstract
Background
Wearing-off (WO) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) refers to the recurrence of motor and non-motor symptoms between levodopa doses. Its prevalence, inter-individual variability, and temporal relationship to medication remain incompletely characterized in real-world settings.
Methods
Twenty-three PD participants with self-reported WO completed a digitized Wearing-Off Questionnaire-19 (WOQ-19) hourly during waking hours over three consecutive days (72 h), yielding 894 valid surveys. Symptom heterogeneity was quantified using the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Symptom changes time-locked to medication intake were assessed using Cochran’s Q test.