Exploratory Biopsychosocial Profiles in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cluster Analysis of Clinical, Psychological, Sleep, and Physical Characteristics

Background and Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a heterogeneous condition shaped by interacting clinical, psychological, sleep-related, physical, and contextual factors. This study aimed to identify exploratory biopsychosocial profiles in adults with CLBP and to examine whether sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics differed across the identified profiles.

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 143 adults with CLBP recruited from healthcare services in northern Ecuador. Nine clinical, psychological, sleep-related, and physical variables were standardized and entered into a cluster analysis. Sociodemographic and anthropometric variables not used to derive the clusters were subsequently examined as external characteristics.