Preoperative HALP Profiles in Serous and Mucinous Epithelial Ovarian Tumors: Positioning Borderline Tumors on the Benign–Malignant Spectrum

Background/Objectives: Borderline ovarian tumors can overlap with benign and malignant adnexal masses in their preoperative features. The hemoglobin–albumin–lymphocyte–platelet (HALP) score reflects inflammatory and immunonutritional status. We compared HALP profiles across benign, borderline, and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors and secondarily explored their contribution beyond the risk of malignancy index (RMI).

Methods

This retrospective single-center study included 464 women treated surgically for serous or mucinous epithelial ovarian tumors between 2015 and 2025: 164 benign cystadenomas, 78 borderline tumors, and 222 invasive carcinomas. HALP was compared among groups with additional adjustment for age and menopausal status. Regression and model-performance analyses were performed only in the borderline and malignant groups (n = 300).