Vitamin A and D Status, Selected Genetic Variants, and Allergy-Related Phenotypes: An Exploratory Retrospective Study

Background/Objectives: Vitamins A and D are critical regulators of immune function, and genetic variation in their metabolic pathways may influence vitamin status and immune responses. This study investigated the combined nutrigenetic roles of vitamins A and D and their association with allergy-related phenotypes.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 80 individuals were included (40 with allergy-related phenotypes and 40 controls). Genetic polymorphisms in CYP2R1, GC, VDR, and BCMO1 were analyzed. Serum vitamin A and 25(OH)D concentrations were compared between groups, and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the effects of age and sex. Genotype distributions were evaluated using chi-square tests, and co-occurring genetic patterns were explored using the Apriori algorithm (p < 0.05).