Correlation Between Glycemic Control (HbA1c), Lipid Profile, and Atherogenic Risk Indices in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Bihor County, Romania: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background/Objectives: Dyslipidemia is a frequent metabolic complication in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and is closely linked to the quality of glycemic control and long-term cardiovascular risk. To evaluate the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and lipid profile parameters (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, triglycerides, and total lipids), as well as the derived atherogenic risk indices—Castelli Risk Index I, Castelli Risk Index II, the atherogenic coefficient (AC), and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)—in a cohort of diabetic children and adolescents.

Methods

Retrospective cross-sectional study on a cohort of 80 patients aged 1–18 years (45 boys and 35 girls). HbA1c, lipid profile values, and derived atherogenic risk indices were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Welch’s t-test, ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney tests, and comparison across glycemic-control categories.