Maternal and Neonatal Factors Associated with the Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants Living in Almaty, Kazakhstan: A Retrospective Study

Background/Objectives: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains a major complication of prematurity, particularly among infants requiring prolonged respiratory support. Despite its clinical relevance, data on BPD epidemiology and risk factors in Kazakhstan are limited. This study aimed to assess the incidence of BPD and identify significant antenatal, intranatal, and neonatal risk factors associated with its development among preterm infants in Almaty.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted using medical records of preterm infants born at the City Perinatal Center in Almaty between 2013 and 2017. Clinical, obstetric, and neonatal data were collected for 111 infants diagnosed with BPD and 109 matched controls without BPD. Statistical analyses included χ2 tests, Student’s t-tests, and multiple logistic regression to determine independent predictors of BPD.