How the Design of Technology-Mediated Cognitive Training Paradigms Impacts Efficacy in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review

Background/Objectives: Cancer and its subsequent treatments have been shown to cause significant cognitive impairment, known as Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment (CRCI). CRCI impacts a range of cognitive domains, including working memory and executive function, attention, concentration, short-term memory, visuospatial control, problem solving, and information processing speed. Treatment options for these cancer sequelae are limited, with many patients never receiving any medical rehabilitation efforts. Current treatment recommendations include pharmaceutical intervention, cognitive training (CT), physical activity, and self-management strategies, with a prior meta-analysis in adults supporting CT as the most promising of these options. Thus, this systematic review aims to explore the current body of evidence for the use of CT as a treatment for childhood cancer survivors and assess the strengths and weaknesses of previously utilised programs to determine how to best test and optimise CT for this population.