Marked Unilateral Renal Asymmetry with Contralateral Compensatory Enlargement and an Accessory Renal Artery Arising from the Common Iliac Artery

Background/Objectives: Renal hypoplasia is the reduction in renal mass due to inadequate kidney development or blood supply. It is one of the more frequently misapplied terms in renal pathology, and it includes simple, oligomeganephronic, segmental, and cortical subtypes. Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract affect an estimated 1 in 500 live births. Few cadaveric studies have documented vascular anomalies, such as accessory renal arteries, thoroughly. This cadaveric case report aims to characterize the gross and histologic features of a markedly reduced left kidney size and compensatory enlarged right kidney encountered during routine cadaveric dissection, with attention to an accessory right renal artery arising from the common iliac artery.