Riset Informasi Kesehatan
The effect of smoking habits on hypertension risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
By Desti Indri Yani, Mutia Putri Angraini and Ummi Kalsum.
Abstract
Background
Smoking is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. This study aimed to synthesize recent evidence on the association between smoking and hypertension using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach.This study was conducted by researchers from the Study Program of Magister Kesehatan Msyarakat, Universitas Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia, to synthesize recent evidence regarding the association between smoking and hypertension.
Method
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and OpenAlex to identify observational studies published between 2020 and 2025. Studies reporting odds ratios (OR) or adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for the association between smoking and hypertension among adults were included. A random-effects model was used to estimate pooled effect sizes.