Ophthalmic Research
Increased Pupil Constriction Latency in Immunoglobulin G4-related Ophthalmic Disease
By Kenneth Ka Hei Lai, Angus Pok Yiu Leung, Chen Hui Tang and 19 others.
Abstract
Purpose
To examine the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) compared with healthy controls using virtual reality–based infrared pupillometry.
Design
Cross-sectional matched case-control study.
Participants
Twenty-five eyes from 25 biopsy-proven IgG4-ROD patients without a history of optic neuropathy and 50 eyes from 50 age-, sex-, and smoking-matched healthy subjects were included.
Methods
Participants underwent PLR assessment using a virtual reality head-mounted display with integrated infrared pupillometry. Pupillary responses to three progressively increasing white-light stimuli were recorded at 120 Hz. Twenty-seven PLR parameters were extracted across response latency, constriction, and redilation phases. Group differences were analyzed using paired t-tests, multinomial logistic regression, and backward stepwise variable selection. Machine learning classifiers were evaluated using accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Main Outcome Measures Pupil constriction latency, constriction amplitude, velocity, redilation parameters, and machine learning classification performance metrics.