VGLL4 Suppresses Malignant Phenotypes of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells Through Modulation of Hippo/YAP and Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathways

Background/Objectives: Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common and aggressive subtype of kidney cancer, continues to face challenges in early diagnosis and treatment, driving the need for reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Vestigial-like family member 4 (VGLL4), a transcriptional cofactor, has been identified as a tumor suppressor in several malignancies. However, its clinical significance, biological functions, and underlying mechanisms in ccRCC remain largely unknown.