Salivary 1H NMR metabolic profiling of diabetic patients with and without periodontitis: an exploratory pilot study

Background

Periodontitis is a widespread chronic inflammatory condition that frequently coexists with diabetes mellitus (DM). Identifying non-invasive biomarkers is essential for early detection, targeted therapy, and better understanding of the bidirectional relationship between these two diseases. This study aimed to investigate salivary metabolomic profiles in diabetic individuals with and without periodontitis to identify candidate metabolites associated with periodontitis in patients with diabetes.