Markers of Biological Aging and Survival in Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer Patients Receiving Immunotherapy

Background/objectives

Immunotherapy has become a cornerstone in the treatment of recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC), but reliable noninvasive biomarkers of prognosis remain limited. We investigated the associations between markers of biological aging and survival outcomes among patients with R/M HNSCC treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).