Translational applications and clinical utility of organoids in ovarian cancer: a systematic review

Background

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and the rapid emergence of platinum resistance. Traditional treatment selection relies on population-level guidelines that often fail to account for individual tumor heterogeneity. Patient-derived organoids have emerged as potential functional avatars for personalized therapy, providing a real-time read-out of tumor sensitivity.