Prognostic Value of Perioperative Inflammatory-Immune-Nutritional Indicators in Advanced Gallbladder Cancer

Objective

To explore the perioperative changes in inflammatory-immune-nutritional indicators in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer (GBC), defined as American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Stage III-IV, and to assess whether individual indicators provide incremental prognostic information beyond conventional clinicopathological factors.

Methods