Salivary cytokine signatures and their association with glycaemic markers in adults with type 2 diabetes

Objective

To investigate salivary pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their associations with glycaemic markers. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including 20 adults with T2D and 20 age-matched controls. Unstimulated saliva was collected, and concentrations of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22, TGF-α, and TNF-α were quantified using a multiplex immunoassay. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were obtained from clinical records.