Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal miR-22-3p alleviates depression-like behaviors in a rat model via the FURIN/HMGB1 axis

Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, yet effective brain-targeted delivery strategies remain limited. Exosomes represent promising carriers capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier. This study investigated whether engineered exosomes delivering miR-22-3p by modulating the FURIN/HMGB1 axis.