Racial Variations in PSA and PSA Density Among Men With Negative Prostate Biopsies: A Multicenter Comparative Study of Chinese, African American, and Caucasian American Populations

Background

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and PSA density (PSAD) are widely used for prostate cancer (PCa) screening, but their diagnostic thresholds have not been differentially adjusted for ethnic groups in clinical practice. This multicenter study aimed to establish the distribution of PSA and PSAD in Chinese men without PCa and compare these values with published data from African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) men to assess potential racial disparities.