Effects of exercise on balance in people with Parkinson's disease: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials

Background

Postural instability and impaired balance are disabling, levodopa-resistant features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and leading contributors to falls. Many systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SR/MAs) report that exercise improves balance, but they differ in modality, comparator, instrument and rigor and have not been synthesized and graded as a whole. We conducted an umbrella review of meta-analytic evidence on exercise and balance in PD.