Non-PML neuroinvasive infections reported with multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies: a mechanism-based pharmacovigilance study, 2004-2025

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) alter host immunity and may produce pathogen-specific susceptibility to neuroinvasive infection. Comparative evidence is limited because events are rare and postmarketing research focuses mainly on progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).