Economic evaluation of six immune checkpoint inhibitor-based first-line therapies for advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a cost-effectiveness analysis based on network meta-analysis

Background

Advanced squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (sq-NSCLC) imposes a substantial clinical and economic burden. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (sugemalimab, tislelizumab, penpulimab, serplulimab, camrelizumab, and pembrolizumab) combined with chemotherapy improve survival, but their comparative cost-effectiveness remains uncertain.