Effectiveness of Wrist-Worn Wearable-Guided Cardiac Rehabilitation Delivered Through Fully Remote or Hybrid Programs in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide, yet participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) remains suboptimal. Wrist-worn wearables may support fully remote or hybrid CR through activity monitoring and individualized feedback, but the effectiveness and consistency of benefits remain uncertain.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wrist-worn wearable-guided CR delivered through fully remote or hybrid programs initiated during phase II or III CR in patients with CVD.