The Gut Microbiome-Estrogen Axis in Menopause: Implications for Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Health and Nutrition

Background/Objectives: Menopause is associated with profound endocrine, metabolic, immune, and microbial changes that may contribute to accelerated biological aging and increased cardiometabolic risk. The gut microbiome represents a potential interface between estrogen biology, host metabolism, inflammation, and systemic organ function. This narrative review examines the role of menopause-associated gut microbiome remodeling in microbiome-mediated metabolic aging, focusing on the estrobolome, microbial metabolites, organ crosstalk, and microbiome-targeted interventions.