Nutrients
Dietary and Lifestyle Correlates of Gut Microbiota Diversity and Composition in Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study Informing Longitudinal Research
Par Guerra M, Brandolini M, Dionisi L et 12 autres.
Contenu en anglais
Résumé
Background/objectives
Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors may contribute to gut microbiota variation but are often evaluated separately. This pilot study examined four exposures across complementary microbiome domains and used association magnitude and uncertainty to inform longitudinal study design.
Methods
Twenty healthy adults (10 females and 10 males) provided a fresh-stool specimen and completed the exposure questionnaire on the day of specimen production. Exposures comprised Mediterranean diet adherence, ultra-processed food consumption frequency, physical activity, and sleep characteristics. Microbiome outcomes comprised independently recalculated OTU-level Shannon diversity (primary outcome) and Pielou's evenness, genus-level Bray-Curtis and Aitchison distances, centered log-ratio coordinates of eight prespecified genera, and the natural-log-transformed Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio. Associations were evaluated using age- and sex-adjusted linear regression and permutational multivariate analysis of variance, with false-discovery-rate control, influence diagnostics, and robustness analyses. Scenario-based sample-size calculations were restricted to age- and sex-adjusted cross-sectional linear regression models.