Association Between End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide and Pulmonary Artery Pulse Pressure During Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Impella®: A Retrospective Exploratory Study

Background

Assessment of native cardiopulmonary circulation is essential during combined veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) and Impella® support (ECPELLA). Pulmonary artery catheter (PAC)-derived pulmonary artery pulse pressure (PAPP) is associated with RV stroke volume and pulmonary arterial compliance; however, PAC monitoring has procedure-related risks and technical limitations. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) is a simple, continuous, noninvasive indicator of pulmonary blood flow; however, its relationship with PAPP during ECPELLA support remains unclear.