Perception of Cardio-Kidney-Metabolic Risk and Health Literacy in Women: Quantitative and Qualitative Insights into Lifestyle and Prevention

Background

Women experience unique biological and life-course determinants of cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) health, yet the relationship between health literacy, CKM risk awareness, and preventive lifestyle behaviors remains poorly understood. We aimed to examine health literacy, CKM risk awareness, and Mediterranean diet adherence among women across different stages of adulthood and to qualitatively explore barriers and facilitators influencing the translation of health knowledge into preventive behaviors.