Nicotinamide Mononucleotide-Producing Probiotic Strain B12-N Attenuates Aging and Cognitive Decline in a Caenorhabditis elegans Model of Alzheimer's Disease: Efficacy and Underlying Mechanisms

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is an active component found in probiotics that may help alleviate Alzheimer's disease and the effects of aging. The screened NMN-producing strain, Ligilactobacillus salivarius B12-N, contained 6.25 μg of NMN per 109 CFU, as determined by LC-MS analysis of bacterial cell extracts. The results indicate that B12-N showed a slightly greater numerical improvement in chemotactic behavior than purified NMN. However, no significant differences were observed between B12-N and NMN in other AD-related or aging-associated phenotypes examined. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 16 pathways were common to both the NMN group and the B12-N group. Notably, the P450 metabolism pathway, longevity regulation pathway, and autophagy pathway were significantly enriched. These findings indicate partially overlapping phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to B12-N and NMN, suggesting that NMN may contribute to some of the biological effects associated with B12-N.