Cardioprotective Vaccination Effects: Association Between Vaccination Knowledge, Risk Perception, and Vaccination Intention in Older Patients with Pre-Existing Conditions

Background/objectives

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major contributor to morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs worldwide. Acute respiratory infections such as influenza and pneumococcal disease can precipitate severe cardiovascular events, while vaccination against these pathogens offers both infection-related and cardioprotective benefits. The extent to which individuals are aware of these associations and how such knowledge shapes risk perception and vaccination intention remains unclear.