Diagnostic Accuracy of Two Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Versus Dental Students in Endodontic Radiographic Classification

Objectives

Multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly used to support image interpretation in dentistry, but evidence regarding their diagnostic performance on endodontic radiographs remains limited. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of two general-purpose multimodal AI systems with that of undergraduate and postgraduate dental students and evaluated whether image cropping influenced AI performance.