Changes in Knowledge and Practices Regarding Tick-Borne Encephalitis Among Infectious Disease Physicians in Romania: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey

Background/objectives

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an emerging vector-borne pathogen in Europe, yet it may be potentially underrecognized in countries reporting few clinical cases. Despite the small number of reported TBE cases, evidence of TBEV circulation in Romania has increased in recent years. Awareness and clinical practices among infectious disease physicians remain insufficiently characterized. This study evaluated changes in knowledge and clinical practices regarding TBEV infection among infectious disease physicians in Romania between 2019 and 2025, following the introduction of TBE vaccination.