Liquid Biopsy as a Screening Tool in Recurrent Implantation Failure During IVF: A Narrative Review

Objective

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remains a multifaceted challenge in assisted reproductive technology (ART), affecting a subset of in vitro fertilization (IVF) patients despite transfer of high-quality embryos. Conventional diagnostics often require invasive procedures that may disturb endometrial receptivity. This narrative review critically synthesizes the evidence on liquid-biopsy strategies for RIF screening, emphasizing biofluids such as uterine fluid (UF), spent embryo culture medium (SCM), peripheral blood, cervicovaginal fluid (CVF), and seminal plasma.