Redefining Gynecomastia Grading Using Anthropometric Parameters and Surgical Algorithm for Gynecomastia: A Single-center Study

Background

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of male breast tissue. Traditional classifications, such as those by Simon and Rohrich, rely mainly on clinical judgment, leading to interobserver variability and surgical planning. A need exists for a measurable, reproducible objective grading method. This study proposes a gynecomastia classification system integrating anthropometric parameters such as nipple-to-pectoralis major distance and chest circumference difference. These objective measures aim to enhance grading reliability and surgical planning.