GClnc1 as an emerging oncogenic regulator with mechanistic insights and clinical implications in human cancers

Gastric cancer-related long non-coding RNA1 (GClnc1) is an emerging oncogenic regulator in multiple malignancies, including gastric, colorectal, ovarian, and bladder cancers, as well as osteosarcoma. It promotes proliferation, inhibits apoptosis, and enhances drug resistance and metastasis. Mechanistically, GClnc1 dysregulates key cancer-related regulators and pathways, such as p53, MYC, NF-κB, and the SIRT3/SOD2 axis. Clinically, GClnc1 shows diagnostic and prognostic potential across cancers, with aberrant expression in tissues and altered circulating levels. Notably, exosomal GClnc1 serves as a circulating biomarker for early gastric cancer detection and predicts response to fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. This review summarizes current evidence on GClnc1's regulatory mechanisms and discusses its translational applications. GClnc1 may serve as a multi-cancer biomarker and a promising therapeutic target.