The effects of perinatal depression and anxiety on memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose

Women in the perinatal period often report experiencing cognitive difficulties, such as forgetfulness, disorientation, and a reduced attention span. However, evidence from objective neuropsychological studies is inconsistent. Depressive and anxiety symptoms have been proposed as potential contributors to these cognitive challenges, with some studies suggesting a negative association between mood disturbances and cognitive performance during pregnancy and postpartum. This review aims to characterize the relationship between perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms and cognitive functioning (memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility).