Bilateral peripheral CT venography for evaluating central venous lesions in dysfunctional arteriovenous fistulas: feasibility, safety, and radiation dose in hemodialysis patients

Objectives

Central venous stenosis and occlusion are major causes of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) dysfunction in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, radiation exposure, and anatomical findings of bilateral peripheral CT venography for central venous assessment in patients with dysfunctional AVFs.