Disrupting Salmonella colonization and resistance: probiotic cell-free supernatants inhibit biofilm formation and invasion in meat and human isolates

Background

Salmonella enterica remains a paramount global public health threat due to the rapid emergence of multi-drug and pan-drug resistant (PDR) strains transmitted through the food supply chain. This study adopted a One Health cross-sectional framework to investigate the occurrence and biocontrol of PDR Salmonella enterica serovars (S. Enteritidis, S. Kentucky, and S. Anatum) isolated from clinical gastroenteritis cases and retail meat products in Egypt.