Sialic Acid-Targeting Lectin-Conjugated Oxygen Nanosomes Alleviate Hypoxia and Promote Macrophage Activation in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

Introduction

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by severe hypoxia and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which contribute to poor therapeutic responses. This study developed sialic acid-targeting Lectin-conjugated oxygen nanosomes (Lectin-ONs) to combine targeted oxygen delivery with hypoxia alleviation and macrophage activation.