Academic Journal of Clinicians
Par Chinedu M. Daniel, AnongC. Quang, DilaniH. Suman.
Contenu en anglais
Early differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias remains a clinical challenge, where non-invasive mapping of cerebral microstructural changes plays a central role.
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To evaluate the diagnostic utility of diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating Alzheimer's disease from vascular dementia.
A total of 120 participants were evaluated (50 with Alzheimer's disease [AD], 45 with vascular dementia [VaD], and 25 healthy controls). All subjects underwent brain MRI with quantitative ADC measurements in the hippocampus, temporal lobes, and periventricular white matter.
Patients with AD demonstrated significantly elevated hippocampal ADC values (1.08 ± 0.06 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) compared with the VaD group (0.91 ± 0.05 × 10⁻³ mm²/s) and controls (0.81 ± 0.04 × 10⁻³ mm²/s; p < 0.001). Conversely, VaD was characterized by significantly higher ADC values in periventricular white matter. A hippocampal ADC cutoff > 0.98 × 10⁻³ mm²/s yielded a sensitivity of 86.0% and specificity of 82.2% for detecting AD (AUC = 0.89).
Quantitative DW-MRI metrics effectively differentiate Alzheimer's disease from vascular dementia based on localized microstructural tissue damage patterns.Keywords:Dementia; DW-MRI; apparent diffusion coefficient; ADC; Alzheimer's disease; vascular dementia; hippocampus.
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