A Case of Myeloid Sarcoma Presenting as Tongue Ulceration

Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as chloroma, is a rare extramedullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells and is frequently associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Oral involvement is uncommon and may represent the first manifestation of systemic disease. A 32-year-old male presented with a 3-week history of a non-healing ulcer on the lateral border of the tongue. Clinical examination revealed a solitary indurated ulcer measuring approximately 2 × 2 cm. Hematological investigations showed leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Histopathological examination demonstrated diffuse infiltration of malignant myeloblasts. Immunohistochemistry revealed positivity for LCA, CD34, ERG, and Bcl-2, with focal positivity for MPO, confirming the diagnosis of myeloid sarcoma. Oral manifestations may be the initial presentation of hematologic malignancies. Early recognition by dental practitioners is essential for prompt diagnosis and management.