Association of serum oncostatin M with disease severity and mortality in community-acquired pneumonia with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUNDPatients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) have an increased risk of severe disease and adverse outcomes, but biomarkers that may facilitate early severity and prognostic assessment remain limited. AIMTo investigate the associations of serum oncostatin M (OSM) levels with disease severity and mortality in patients with DM-CAP. METHODSA prospective, single-center study of 410 patients with CAP was conducted from November 18, 2020 to November 20, 2021.The patients were classified into the CAP and DM-CAP groups.Patients in the DM-CAP group were further divided into the severe CAP (SCAP) and non-SCAP (NSCAP) groups.Serum OSM levels on days 1 and 6 after admission were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The associations between OSM levels and inflammatory markers, disease severity scores, and 1-year mortality were examined in the DM-CAP group.Factors associated with 1-year mortality in the DM-CAP group were further evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.The potential value of OSM and other parameters for assessing disease severity and 1-year mortality was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTSSerum OSM levels were significantly higher in the DM-CAP group than in the CAP group.Among patients with DM-CAP, serum OSM levels were significantly higher in the SCAP group than in the NSCAP group (P = 0.001) and were particularly elevated in patients who died during the 1-year follow-up.Serum OSM levels were 4 / 36 positively correlated with the pneumonia severity index and confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age ≥ 65 years (CURB-65) scores, neutrophil and white blood cell counts, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels, the neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio, disease severity, and 1-year mortality.In the exploratory multivariable logistic regression model, age, blood urea nitrogen and OSM were independently associated with 1-year mortality in the DM-CAP group.The combination of the CURB-65 score and serum OSM levels showed potential prognostic value for 1-year mortality in this cohort. CONCLUSIONSerum OSM levels were associated with disease severity and 1-year mortality in patients with DM-CAP and showed potential prognostic value in this cohort.These exploratory findings require validation in larger, independent cohorts.