High-Intensity Interval Training Plus Resveratrol: A Synergistic Strategy to Rejuvenate the Aging Heart via VEGF/FSTL1/DIP2 Signaling

Introduction

Aging impairs cardiac angiogenesis via downregulated molecular pathways. While exercise and resveratrol each exhibit pro-angiogenic potential, their combined effect on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), and disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A) in the aged heart remains unclear. This study investigated eight-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and resveratrol on these proteins in aged rat hearts.