The Biliary Endovascular Toolkit: Transcystic Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration with Balloon Sphincteroplasty for Single-Stage Choledocholithiasis Management

Background

Choledocholithiasis complicates 10–15% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy. While endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by cholecystectomy is common, access to ERCP is inconsistent in rural and military hospitals, highlighting the role for single-stage laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE).

Methods