Diet, Genes, or Both? Coffee Consumption, Snacking, and BDNF and TCF7L2 Genotypes in Relation to Cardiometabolic Traits: A Cross-Sectional Study in Polish Adults

Background/Objectives: Coffee consumption and snacking are common dietary behaviours linked to cardiometabolic risk, and variants in BDNF and TCF7L2 have been associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). We examined whether glycaemic, adiposity, and lipid traits reflect these behaviours, these genotypes, or both, and whether BDNF (rs10501087) and TCF7L2 (rs4506565, rs7901695, rs7903146) genotypes modify the behavioural associations.

Methods